Apophysitis is an inflammation to the areas on a bone's growth plate, this is where the tendon attaches to the bone in children. This is commonly seen in the knee, shoulder, elbow, foot, heel and hip in athletes.

Arthritis, is a condition that causes inflammation of the joints. This is commonly seen in the hands, feet, kneesand hips in athletes.

An avulsion fracture or injury is when a ligament or tendon pulls the bone at the attachment site and it is broken away from the rest of the bone. It is caused by intense pulling forces during trauma. This is commonly seen in the fingers, feet, elbow, and knee in athletes.

A baker's cyst - also known as a popliteal cyst - is a fluid-filled swelling at the back of the knee, there are often no symptoms but it can cause pain when the knee is bent or stretched. It is caused by trauma.

Bowler’s thumb - also known as Bowler's neuroma, jeweller’s thumb, cherry pitter's thumb or digital neuropathy of the thumb - is an injury to the thumb caused by compression or repeated friction and leading to numbness and weakness.

Burners & stingers (B&S) - also known as brachial plexus injuries or dead arm syndrome - is when a stretched nerve leads to pain from the neck into the arm (and sometimes into the hand) and it is caused by trauma or impact.

Bursitis is an inflammation or irritation of a bursa (small, fluid-filled sac that cushion your joints) caused by repetitive action or trauma. This is commonly seen in the foot, elbow, hip, shoulder, knee and glutes in athletes.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition that leads to pain, tingling and numbness in the hand. It is caused by the trapping of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist.

Cartilage damage - also known as chondral injuries or chondral defects - occurs when the shock absorbing structure that protects your joints is damaged, it is usually caused by trauma or gradual wear and tear. This is commonly seen in the hip and knee in athletes.

Cauliflower ear - also known as perichondrial hematoma or wrestler’s ear - is a deformity of the ear caused by trauma.

Compartment syndrome is a rare condition that leads to pain, swelling, an increase in pressure and muscle tightness as a result of exercise. This is commonly seen in the lower leg in athletes.

A concussion is a temporary injury to the brain caused by trauma.

A contusion - also known as a bruise - is a region of injured tissue or skin caused by trauma to the area. This is commonly seen in the head, back, chest, elbow, lower leg and heel in athletes.

Costochondral separation - also known as a separated rib or rib dislocation - is when one or more of your ribs separates from the cartilage holding it in place. It is caused by trauma.

Costochondritis -alsoknown as chest wall pain syndrome, costosternal syndrome or costosternal chondrodynia - is an inflammation of the cartilage that links each rib to the sternum (breastbone), it is caused by trauma or excessive wear and tear.

Cubital tunnel syndrome is a condition that leads to pain in the forearm, numbness or tingling in the ring and pinkie fingers, and weakness in the hand. It is caused by pressure or stretching of the ulnar nerve (also known as the “funny bone” nerve).

De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a condition that leads to swelling of the tendons that run along the thumb side of the wrist and attach to the base of the thumb. It is caused by repetitive movement.

A dislocation is an injury to a joint, caused by the bones being displaced from each other. This is commonly seen in the knee, shoulder, ankle and foot in athletes.

A fracture is the medical term for a break in the bone, it is mainly caused by trauma to the area. This is commonly seen in the hand, knee, ankle, foot, elbow, forearm, head, shoulder, chest and ribs in athletes.

Gilmores groin - also known as sportsman's hernia, athletic pubaliga, incipient hernia, inguinal disruption or pubic inguinal pain syndrome - is a term used to describe an injury of the muscles, tendons and ligaments in the groin. It is caused by repetitive kicking/twisting actions.

Gymnast’s wrist - also known as distal radial epiphysitis - is an injury to the distal radial bone (bone in the forearm, the area closest to the thumb) and is caused by overuse and repetitive actions.

Haglund's deformity is when a permanent benign cartilaginous growth (bony bump) forms at the back of the heel. It is caused by the anatomy of the foot or footwear.

Handlebar palsy - also known as cyclist's palsy, guyon's canal syndrome, ulnar tunnel syndrome, ulnar neuritis or ulnar neuropathy, - is when the nerves inn the hand are compressed and it leads to pain, tingling and/or numbness. It is caused by excessive pressure.

Iliotibial band syndrome - also known as ITB syndrome or ITB friction syndrome - is a tightening of the connective tissue on the lateral part of the thigh and knee, caused by overuse.

An impingement is when tendons or bursa (small fluid filled sacs that cushion the bone) get trapped between two bones leading to irritation. It is caused by anatomy or repetitive movements. This is commonly seen in the knee, hip, shoulder, foot and elbow in atheltes.

Jogger’s nipple is a friction burn, caused by constant rubbing from clothing over the nipple.

Metatarsalgia can be an umbrella term for pain in the ball of the foot and is caused by excessive pressure.

Morton's neuroma - also known as Morton's metatarsalgia or interdigital neuroma - is a condition leading to pain between the toes caused by the compression of a nerve.

Myositis ossificans (MO) -also known as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva - is when a bone or bone-like tissue grows where it is not supposed to, usually in your muscle after trauma. This is commonly seen in the thigh and the upper arm in athletes.

Osteitis pubis is an inflammation of the centre of the pelvis, caused by overuse.

Osteochondritis dissecans is a condition of the joint where a small part of the bone starts to separate and loosen due to a lack of blood supply, and it is caused by repetitive trauma. This is commonly seen in the ankle, knee and elbow in athletes.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome -also known as Runner’s knee - is a term used to describe pain in front, behind or around your kneecap (patella). It is caused by excess stress on the patellofemoral joint (joint linking the patella and femur- thigh bone).

Piriformis syndrome is when the piriformis muscle, deep in your glutes, compresses the sciatic nerve that travels from your lower back down your leg, leading to pain, numbness and tingling. It is caused by overuse or trauma.

Plantar fasciitis -also known as Jogger's heel - is a condition leading to pain under the foot and into the heel. It is usually caused by overuse.

Plantar nerve entrapment is when branches of the posterior tibial nerve become trapped. It is caused by excessive pronation of the foot (having a flat foot).

Posterolateral corner injuries can cause pain and instability to the back, outer side of the knee, it is caused by trauma.

Pronator teres syndrome (PTS) is a condition that leads to pain, tingling and numbness in the forearm. It is caused by the trapping of the median nerve at the elbow.

Scheuermann’s disease - also known as juvenile discogenic disorder, Calvé disease or juvenile osteochondrosis - is a deformity of the mid-back. It is caused by repetitive stress to the area or poor posture.

Sesamoiditis is an inflammatory condition affecting the sesamoid bones in the foot (two small bones at the base of the big toe) leading to pain in the forefoot. It is caused by overuse and repetitive movements.

Shin splints - also known as medial tibial stress syndrome - is an umbrella term for shin pain and tenderness caused by excessive stress on the lower leg.

Shoulder instability is when the head of the arm repeatedly slips out of place. This is usually a result of a shoulder dislocation but it can also occur due to overuse.

Shoulder separation - also known as acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation - is when the clavicle (collarbone) and the acromion (top of the scapular/ shoulder blade) are separated. It is caused by trauma.

A side stitch - also known as exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP), side cramp or ache - is when you get pain on the side of your abdomen, and it is usually caused by prolonged athletic activities.

Sinus tarsi syndrome (STS) -also known as sinus tarsitis - is inflammation to the outer side of the ankle, caused by repetitive strain.

Snapping hip - also known as coxa saltans or dancers hip - is a condition where you see, hear or feel a snapping sensation in your hip caused by a tight muscle or tendon (tissue that connects muscles to bone).

Solar plexus syndrome - also known as being 'winded' - is a breathing disorder caused by a sudden forceful impact.

Spondylolisthesis is when the vertebrae (small bones in your spine) slip forward and out of alignment. This is most commonly found in the lower back and leads to pain and instability.

A sprain is a stretching or tearing of a ligament (the tissue connecting two bones together); whereas a strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon (connects a muscle to a bone).

Stress fractures are tiny cracks in the bone caused by repetitive force and overuse. These are commonly seen in the foot, chest and lower back in athletes.

Suprascapular neuropathy (SSN) - also known as suprascapular nerve entrapment - is a compression of the suprascapular nerve, leading to an aching or burning sensation at the back and/or side of the shoulder joint. It is caused by repetitive action, specifically overhead movements.

Swimmer's ear - also known as otitis externa - is an infection of the ear canal which connects the eardrum to outside ear. It is caused by bacteria or fungi.

Synovial plica irritation is when the lining of the knee joint is inflamed. It is caused by overuse, trauma or abnormal knee mechanics.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is pain and inflammation caused by pressure on a nerve as it passes through a tunnel on the inside of the ankle.

Tears and ruptures are injuries that occur in soft tissues such as tendons, ligaments and muscles. A rupture is when the tissue is split in two and a tear is when they are partially pulled apart. These are commonly seen in the shoulder, foot, calf, knee, thigh and glutes in athletes.

Tendonitis or tendinitis, is an inflammation of a tendon (connects a muscle to a bone) caused by overuse or trauma. This is commonly seen in the foot, calf, shoulder and knee in athletes.

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your collarbone and your first rib (the thoracic outlet) are compressed. It is caused by trauma or repetitive action.

Trigger toe - also known as hallux saltans (if it is the big toe) - is an inflammation to the tendon that flexes (bends) the toes caused by excessive pressure on the joint and leads to immobility.

Whiplash is an injury caused by forceful, rapid back-and-forth movements. It leads to pain and reduced range of motion in the neck, shoulders and upper back.

Winged scapula, is a condition where the scapular/shoulder blades do not sit flat on your back. It is caused by trauma or repetitive action.